How can a refugee lose their status in Canada?
The IRB makes a cessation order if it decides after a hearing that a person no longer needs refugee protection.
In some cases, cessation can lead to a refugee also losing their permanent resident status.
Even permanent residents who have lived in Canada for many years could be forced to leave.
One of the reasons that a refugee can lose their permanent resident status is if they voluntarily go back under the protection of their "country of nationality". This is the country they were a citizen of when they fled.
Going back under the protection of the country of nationality is called "re-availment".
The Minister may apply for cessation based on this reason if a protected person has:
travelled to their country of nationality
applied for or renewed a passport issued by that country
How would the Minister find out about a person's passport or travel history?
When a permanent resident comes back to Canada, a Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) officer questions them.
CBSA officers look for cases where the Minister could apply for cessation.
The Minister might also apply for cessation if a protected person applies for Canadian citizenship and has visited their home country in the last four years.
Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) asks citizenship applicants about every trip they took outside Canada in the last four years. They have to say where they went, for how long, and the reason they travelled.
CIC can also get information from CBSA about every time a person enters Canada.