The following is from http://www.health.alberta.ca/ahcip/ahcip_moving.html
If you are moving or returning to Alberta from outside Canada, you may be eligible for coverage on the date of your arrival. To ensure coverage, you must register within three months of arrival. Newcomers to Canada are required to present a copy of their Canada entry document. Please contact us for more information if you or your dependants hold temporary immigration documents.
* If you move to Alberta from within Canada your coverage begins the first day of the third month following the date you establish permanent residency here. For example, if you establish permanent residency in Alberta on July 12, your coverage is effective October 1.
* If you move to Alberta from outside Canada your coverage begins on your date of arrival in Alberta.
Since you already landed in ON one year ago, you are not a newcomer to Canada. If they insist that you are a newcomer to Canada and want to see your entry documents, you will have a stamp in your passport from your most recent entry so you can explain to them that you did land in ON but did not take up residence there but lived in whatever country and now you are moving from there to take up residence in Alberta. To prove residence, you need to have something official mailed to you to an AB address. A friend of mine moved to AB from QC and for AB health she opened a bank account and asked them to send her a statement right away.
Other provinces, as far as I can see, BC, ON and SK would make you wait.
For Manitoba looks like same as AB, see http://www.gov.mb.ca/health/mhsip/index.html#new2Manitoba
For Quebec, they have exceptions to waiting period but they don't say which, see http://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/choose-quebec/daily-life/health/index.html