First Aid for Fainting:
1. Do a scene survey. Have a bystander call for medical help as soon as unresponsive is recognized.
2. Check the ABCs-make sure the casualty's airway is clear, that they are breathing effectively and check for shock
3. Do a secondary survey if necessary and give first aid.
4. Turn the casualty into the recovery position
5. Ensure a supply of fresh air and loosen tight clothing at the neck, chest and waist. Continue ongoing casualty care until handover
6. Make the casualty comfortable as conciousness returns and keep them lying down for 10 to 15 minutes.
Recovery from a faint should be quick and complete. If this is not the case, stay with the casualty until medical help takes over
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Firs Aid for a Nosebleed:
1. Do a scene survey and asses the mechanism of injury. If there could be a head or spinal injury, tell the casualty not to move.
2. Do a rpimary survey and give first aid for life-threatening conditions.
3. Do a secondary survey as needed-asses the bleeding from the nose. If the blood from the nose is mixed with straw-coloured fluid, suspect a skull fructure. Allow the nose to blees and give first aid for a skull fracture.
4. If a head or spinal injury is not suspected, place the casualty in a sitting position with the head slightly forward.
---Tell the casualty to compress the entire fleshy part below the bridge of the nose firmly tih the thumb and index finger for about 10 minutes or until bleeding stops
*leaning forward allows vlood to drain from the nose and mouth instead of back into the throat.
5. Loosen clothing around the casualty's neck and chest. Keep the casualty quiet to avoid increased bleeding. Tell the casualty to breathe through his mouth and not blow his nose for a few hours so that blood clots will not be disturbed. If bleeding does not stop with this first aid, or if it starts again, get medical help. Do not try to stop a nosebleed resulting from a head injury. Allow blood to drain and get medical help..
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FIRST AID FOR HYPOTHERMIA
1. Do a scene survey. If the temperature is lower than 15 degree C, suspect hypothermia either as the casultys main problem or as a complication of another injury. Do a primary survey.
2. Take measures to prevent further heat loss:
* cover exposed skin with suitable clothing or covers; make sure the head is well insulated
*adjust the casualty's clothing to keep wind or drafts out. Wrap the casualty in something windproof-refelctive "spaceblankets" and plastic garbage bags are good for this
* if possible, move the casualty out of the color cold environment. If you cannot move indoors, protect the casualty from the wind.
*loosen or remove tight clothing
*wet clothing causes severe heat loss. If you are in a shelter and have a dry change of clothes, gently replace wet clothes with dry ones. If you are not sheltered, put the dry clothes over the wet clothes. If you dont have dry clothes, press as much water out of the wet clothes as possible and wrap the casualty with something windproof
*insulate the casualty from cold objects-have them sit on a rolled-up jacket or lie on a blanket
3. Get medical help. If you have to transport the casualty, transport in the recovery position.
4. Give ongoing casualty care, monitoring the ABCs. If breathing is ineffective, give assited breathing. If there are no signs of life, give CPR, but dont delay transporting the casualty.
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WHAT ARE PROTEINS?
Proteins are nutrients that build and renew body tissues, regulate body functions and supply energy..They are also known as "GROW" food..
Examples: meat, milk, eggs, fish, poultry, cheese
WHAT ARE CARBOHYDRATES?
= are nutrients that provides work energy for body activities..They give heat energy for maintenance of body temperature..They are also known as "GO" food
Examples: cereal grains and their products (bread, pasta)
WHAT ARE FATS?
= are nutrients that give work energy for body avtivities..They give heat energy for maintenance of body temperature. They act as carriers of fat soluble vitamins like ADEK
EXAMPLES: lard, vegetable fats, oil, butter
WHAT ARE CALCIUM?
= Calcium builds and renes bones, teeth and other tissues. It regukates the activities of the heart muscles, heart and nerves. It also controls the clotting of blood
EXAMPLES: milk and milk products except butter, dark green vegetables, canned salmon
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF IRON?
IRON builds and renews hemoglobin
SOURCES OF IRON: eggs, meat, liver and kidney, deep yellow and dark green vegetables
WHAT DOES THIAMINE DO TO OUR BODY?
It maintains a healthy condition of nerves
It fosters good appetite and helps the body use carbohydrates
EXMAPLES: whole grain, meats - pork, liver,and kidney/dried beans and peas/brown rice
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WHAT IS THE ROLE OF VITAMIN C?
Vitamin C acts as a cement between body cells, strengthen the immune system and is a good anti-oxidant..It also maintains a sounds condition of the bones, teeth and gums
EXAMPLES: fresh, raw citrus fruits and vegetables
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FIRST AID FOR DEEP FROSTBITE:
1. dO A SCENE SURVEY. Prevent further heat loss from the frozen part and the rest of the body. Handle the frozen tissue very gently to prevent further tissue damage.
2. Do not rub the ars and legs. Keep the casualty as still as possible.
3. Get medical help. If the feet or legs are frozen, dont let the casualty walk-transport a rescue carry or sretcher
4. Make the casualty warm as soon as possible. Gently remove the clothing from the affected part.
5. Remove any jewelry and put the whole frozen part in the water. Kepp adding warm water to keep the water in the container at a constant temperature.
6. Gently dry the affected part. Put sterile dressings over wounds and between fingers or toes.
7. Keep the part elevated and warm. Do not break any blisters that form.
8. Get medical help. Give ongoing casualty care.
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