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Robert278462

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Jun 20, 2026
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Hi everyone,

I am looking for an experienced or professional perspective on a specific residency obligation calculation. Please, no guesses—I need accurate legal or operational insights.

My Baseline Situation:
  • I am a PR but I have never lived in Canada. I only completed a "soft landing" and immediately returned abroad. My physical days inside Canada stand at 0.
  • My ex-spouse is a Canadian citizen.
The Timeline & Evidence:

  • Past Timeline: We lived together continuously in a shared household outside Canada while legally married for roughly 16 months (approx. 480 days) before separating.
  • Current Status: Our legal divorce was finalized recently, and our marriage has officially ended.
I have clear financial and residential evidence (joint bank accounts, municipal bills, lease, official divorce ruling) proving our cohabitation and marriage during that window.

My Question:Under IRPA Section 28(2)(a)(ii), do the accrued days we lived together while legally married count toward my residency obligation, despite me never living in Canada post-landing? Does a subsequent divorce retroactively impact or invalidate those accrued days?

Note: I am only looking to count the days accumulated up to the official date of the divorce ruling.

If you can reference specific IAD (Immigration Appeal Division) case law or IRCC Operational Guidelines regarding soft-landers using this exemption, I would highly appreciate it.

Thank you.
 
Hi everyone,

I am looking for an experienced or professional perspective on a specific residency obligation calculation. Please, no guesses—I need accurate legal or operational insights.

My Baseline Situation:
  • I am a PR but I have never lived in Canada. I only completed a "soft landing" and immediately returned abroad. My physical days inside Canada stand at 0.
  • My ex-spouse is a Canadian citizen.
The Timeline & Evidence:

  • Past Timeline: We lived together continuously in a shared household outside Canada while legally married for roughly 16 months (approx. 480 days) before separating.
  • Current Status: Our legal divorce was finalized recently, and our marriage has officially ended.
I have clear financial and residential evidence (joint bank accounts, municipal bills, lease, official divorce ruling) proving our cohabitation and marriage during that window.

My Question:Under IRPA Section 28(2)(a)(ii), do the accrued days we lived together while legally married count toward my residency obligation, despite me never living in Canada post-landing? Does a subsequent divorce retroactively impact or invalidate those accrued days?

Note: I am only looking to count the days accumulated up to the official date of the divorce ruling.

If you can reference specific IAD (Immigration Appeal Division) case law or IRCC Operational Guidelines regarding soft-landers using this exemption, I would highly appreciate it.

Thank you.
For legal and operational insights, you can research here:

https://www.canlii.org/#search/inde...d833cf6b73044e449826e772387c3933&indexLang=en

Or consult a lawyer.

Beyond that, this statement is probably going to be an issue:

"Note: I am only looking to count the days accumulated up to the official date of the divorce ruling."
Assuming IRCC uses Canadian law as its reference, divorce requires being separated for 12 months prior to submission for an uncontested divorce and another 3-6 months for a final decision. It's reasonable to assume that only days up to the separation date would be allowable, potentially eliminating at least 12-18 months of the time you wish to include.

I'd also argue that IRPA Section 28(2)(a)(ii) would be dependent on whether you were married prior to or after your initial landing (yes, there are debates about who followed whom, and the courts don't seem to have formed a consensus on it yet), so that may be a consideration.

With zero establishment, if you were sponsored by your spouse, and are now divorced, this requirement "might" become an impediment to counting days abroad with your spouse:

"
  • if you’re a Canadian citizen living outside Canada, you must show that you plan to live in Canada when your sponsored relative becomes a permanent resident."
My $0.02, whether it's a guess or accurate, only IRCC or the courts can decide. I'm sure others will chime in, accurate or not.
 
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For legal and operational insights, you can research here:

https://www.canlii.org/#search/indexLang=en&text=IRPA Section 28(2)(a)(ii)&resultIndex=131&searchId=2026-06-20T05:06:08:339/d833cf6b73044e449826e772387c3933&indexLang=en

Or consult a lawyer.

Beyond that, this statement is probably going to be an issue:

"Note: I am only looking to count the days accumulated up to the official date of the divorce ruling."
Assuming IRCC uses Canadian law as its reference, divorce requires being separated for 12 months prior to submission for an uncontested divorce and another 3-6 months for a final decision. It's reasonable to assume that only days up to the separation date would be allowable, potentially eliminating at least 12-18 months of the time you wish to include.

I'd also argue that IRPA Section 28(2)(a)(ii) would be dependent on whether you were married prior to or after your initial landing (yes, there are debates about who followed whom, and the courts don't seem to have formed a consensus on it yet), so that may be a consideration.

With zero establishment, if you were sponsored by your spouse, and are now divorced, this requirement "might" become an impediment to counting days abroad with your spouse:

"
  • if you’re a Canadian citizen living outside Canada, you must show that you plan to live in Canada when your sponsored relative becomes a permanent resident."
My $0.02, whether it's a guess or accurate, only IRCC or the courts can decide. I'm sure others will chime in, accurate or not.

Thank you for the perspective and the CanLII resource.

To clarify a few critical points that change the legal context here:

  • The 16-Month Window: The continuous co-habitation in our family home abroad lasted for exactly 16 months post-soft landing up until the day the final court decree was issued.
  • Foreign Divorce Law: The marriage, co-habitation, and divorce took place entirely outside Canada. Under local family law, an uncontested divorce requires no prior legal separation period. We lived as a fully married couple in a shared household for that entire duration.
  • Long-Term Marriage: Prior to this, we were married for over 15 years with Canadian citizen children. The ex-spouse is a Canadian by birth (born and raised 18+ years in Canada).
  • Evidence: I have clear, continuous financial and residential evidence for that entire 16-month window prior to the final divorce ruling.
Given that a valid marriage and shared household existed every single day up until the foreign court's final decree, does IRCC have any legal basis to retroactively discount these accrued days?

If anyone can reference specific IAD cases regarding foreign divorces and IRPA 28(2)(a)(ii), I would highly appreciate it.
 
Given that a valid marriage and shared household existed every single day up until the foreign court's final decree, does IRCC have any legal basis to retroactively discount these accrued days?
Apart from the foreign divorce issue, IRCC can and occasionally does evaluate on basis that you did not reside in Canada at all after becoming a PR. Sometimes this is phrased as the accompanying issue (who-accompanied-whom also referred to although less commonly now), because can be looked at from point of view that the citizen did not (re)settle in Canada during this period at all, and hence no 'accompanying' even occurred. Possibly also from point of view that the sponsorship involved making some form of statement that the intent was to re-settle in Canada together (with children?) and that never happened.

A separate point: you are not clear about the timeline - you became a PR (soft landing), then resided together for ~16 months at which point divorce was finalized ... how long ago was it finalized? Is it very recent and you intend to move now? If so - almost no issue and you do not need the time together 'counted' at all (move to Canada on your still-valid card, no issue, stay for the required number of days.)

So I presume this was some time ago - if your PR card has already expired, the situation in practical terms may be entirely different. That information may feed into how they evaluate your situation. You'd need to provide more detail - and my suggestion would be to discuss this with a lawyer.

I know you're asking for specific legal background and info - my comments this is not that, how IRCC approaches can depend on the subjective evaluation by an officer. And what that evaluation is and as a result what happens procedurally and cost-wise can be very, very different.

You haven't specified but it also depends on your circumstances and what you wish to do / your needs. If you are returning to Canada to reside and no need to travel at all for two years, your home country passport (access via USA with no visa/ with visa?), for example - more easy situation than if you expect to need to travel a lot and need a valid PR card to do so. These are questions that aren't strictly legal but need to be considered (and can of course be discussed wtht a lawyer).
 
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I am looking for an experienced or professional perspective on a specific residency obligation calculation.

For professional guidance, pay a lawyer to review your particular situation in detail. (Free consultations are worth little if any more than what is paid for them.)

I am not a Canadian lawyer. I am no immigration expert.

Note: I am only looking to count the days accumulated up to the official date of the divorce ruling.

Otherwise . . . what is confidently known includes . . . recognizing some aspects of your situation make it complicated and forecasting the outcome of a RO examination not certain. That is, there is not a definite answer as to whether you will get RO credit for those days up to the finalization of the divorce.

If there is a problem counting these days (up to finalization of divorce), it is not likely to be about the dates you were married. That is, in assessing a claim for RO credit for these days, the decision-maker should recognize there is a valid marriage for that period of time. The question is whether you, the PR, was "accompanying" your spouse during that period of time. @Buletruck noted this, referring to it as a potential "who followed whom" issue, which is about the various interpretations of "accompanying" which can be applied in a given case.

We typically think of the applicable law as definite, one thing, but that is not how it always works. In Federal Court decisions there are at least three different versions of what "accompanying" means, in regards to the exception for RO credit, and how it is actually applied by immigration officers and Immigration Appeal Division panels varies even more so.

I and others discuss many aspects of this, including observations based on many actual cases as reported in Federal Court decisions and IAD decisions, in a topic titled "Who-accompanied-whom can matter for PRs living with citizen spouse abroad: UPDATE," where I say, for example, the following:

Accompanying-Canadian-Citizen-Spouse-Abroad Credit Toward RO, Generally:

When I started this topic over four years ago, I should have named it differently, giving it a title more clearly focused on what "accompanying" itself means. This is a bit tricky because so many of the cases frame the issue in who-accompanied-whom terms, whereas most of the time, for the vast majority of Canadian PR/citizen couples living abroad, it really does NOT matter who-accompanied-whom. As long as they have been living together in Canada and are living together abroad, there is little risk of any who-accompanied-whom questions or concerns. Even if it is obvious the couple is abroad for reasons specific to the PR (like PR's continuing employment in home country).

The challenge this issue has always posed is how to identify if and when a who-accompanied-whom question might arise.

In cases where this is an issue, and there are more than a few such cases, for some time now the Minister's representative (for IRCC, not necessarily PoE cases involving the Minister of Public Safety as the prosecuting party) has consistently advocated the credit depends on the PR accompanying the citizen spouse, and is NOT available if the citizen spouse accompanied the PR abroad. In contrast, IAD panels, and to some extent the Federal Courts, have reached different and sometimes contrary results.

The overriding threshold question is who, when, and why might a PR/citizen couple living abroad run into a who-accompanied-whom challenge. In short: who-accompanied-whom does not ordinarily matter, but it can matter and make the difference, if the question comes up and is being addressed.

There is no simple formula for apprehending when and why a PR might encounter problems getting this credit.

That quote is a little dated (from 2022). Even though the topic has not been updated with more recent reports of actual cases, overall we have seen little indications of changes affecting this credit.

@Buletruck also shared a link to a relevant CanII search, which includes numerous IAD decisions in actual cases interpreting what "accompanying" means and how it applies in a wide range of situations, many of which are discussed in the other topic, and including some that involve divorces.

Quoting one (Chan v Canada, 2021 CanLII 141637) might put things in perspective:

. . . although I accept that the Appellant was married to a Canadian citizen from June 1, 2014, to October 22, 2016, I do not find it likely that he was accompanying his spouse during the five-year period from November 9, 2015, to October 22, 2016.
[15] I acknowledge the Appellant’s testimony that he and his spouse lived together until the date their divorce was finalized on October 22, 2016, and that they did not have a separation period where they lived apart but continued to stay in the same apartment in Hong Kong until they were divorced. However, I find that the Appellant’s testimony that he and his spouse continued to live together until their divorce was finalized on October 22, 2016, does not, in fact, establish that he was “accompanying” his spouse or that he and his spouse were “ordinarily resident” until that date.

Gist of that: Even though the IAD accepted that the couple were married up to the date the divorce was finalized, and were living together, the IAD did not accept the PR got RO credit for those days because they were not days the PR was "accompanying" the citizen-spouse. That is, they were married, living together, but did not get RO credit because the PR was not "accompanying" their citizen spouse.

. . . In context: There are many ways in which that case is totally unlike yours. And that IAD decision does not mean that is what other decision-makers in the immigration system will decide . . . even in quite similar circumstances, let alone very different situations. Moreover, there were some particularly salient factors in the Chan case which, first of all, likely triggered a stricter approach to the RO compliance calculation, and second, circumstances which nonetheless facilitated the positive H&C outcome allowing Chan to keep his PR status.

But it does illustrate that RO credit can be denied for a period of time prior to the date a divorce is finalized, a time period similar to what you describe.

And it illustrates that what happens in an individual case can (and, by the way, often does) vary considerably depending on various circumstances in the specific individual's case. The circumstances which can influence how it goes include the situation in which RO compliance is being calculated. You offer no hint what the situation is likely to be when Canadian immigration officials review and calculate your compliance with the RO, but how it goes can depend on what that situation is, which includes particular details such as the number of days actually spent in Canada. How it goes can also be influenced by whether it is a PR TD application? a Port-of-Entry examination? An application to renew a PR card?

Summary: there are multiple aspects of your situation which could trigger a tougher examination and approach to allowing RO credit for days outside Canada, pursuant to the exception allowed for PRs accompanying a Canadian citizen spouse. The divorce is just one. Never having settled in Canada another. There is no way to reliably forecast how Canadian immigration officials will approach a claim for the accompanying credit in your case, which in large part is because there are numerous undetermined factors that can and likely will influence how it goes, including which type of proceeding is involved.

Obviously, the sooner you make a move to Canada, to settle and stay, the better your odds of keeping PR status whether or not you get RO credit for the days prior to the divorce being finalized.
 
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.


For professional guidance, pay a lawyer to review your particular situation in detail. (Free consultations are worth little if any more than what is paid for them.)

I am not a Canadian lawyer. I am no immigration expert.



Otherwise . . . what is confidently known includes . . . recognizing some aspects of your situation make it complicated and forecasting the outcome of a RO examination not certain. That is, there is not a definite answer as to whether you will get RO credit for those days up to the finalization of the divorce.

If there is a problem counting these days (up to finalization of divorce), it is not likely to be about the dates you were married. That is, in assessing a claim for RO credit for these days, the decision-maker should recognize there is a valid marriage for that period of time. The question is whether you, the PR, was "accompanying" your spouse during that period of time. @Buletruck noted this, referring to it as a potential "who followed whom" issue, which is about the various interpretations of "accompanying" which can be applied in a given case.

We typically think of the applicable law as definite, one thing, but that is not how it always works. In Federal Court decisions there are at least three different versions of what "accompanying" means, in regards to the exception for RO credit, and how it is actually applied by immigration officers and Immigration Appeal Division panels varies even more so.

I and others discuss many aspects of this, including observations based on many actual cases as reported in Federal Court decisions and IAD decisions, in a topic titled "Who-accompanied-whom can matter for PRs living with citizen spouse abroad: UPDATE," where I say, for example, the following:



That quote is a little dated (from 2022). Even though the topic has not been updated with more recent reports of actual cases, overall we have seen little indications of changes affecting this credit.

@Buletruck also shared a link to a relevant CanII search, which includes numerous IAD decisions in actual cases interpreting what "accompanying" means and how it applies in a wide range of situations, many of which are discussed in the other topic, and including some that involve divorces.

Quoting one (Chan v Canada, 2021 CanLII 141637) might put things in perspective:

. . . although I accept that the Appellant was married to a Canadian citizen from June 1, 2014, to October 22, 2016, I do not find it likely that he was accompanying his spouse during the five-year period from November 9, 2015, to October 22, 2016.
[15] I acknowledge the Appellant’s testimony that he and his spouse lived together until the date their divorce was finalized on October 22, 2016, and that they did not have a separation period where they lived apart but continued to stay in the same apartment in Hong Kong until they were divorced. However, I find that the Appellant’s testimony that he and his spouse continued to live together until their divorce was finalized on October 22, 2016, does not, in fact, establish that he was “accompanying” his spouse or that he and his spouse were “ordinarily resident” until that date.

Gist of that: Even though the IAD accepted that the couple were married up to the date the divorce was finalized, and were living together, the IAD did not accept the PR got RO credit for those days because they were not days the PR was "accompanying" the citizen-spouse. That is, they were married, living together, but did not get RO credit because the PR was not "accompanying" their citizen spouse.

. . . In context: There are many ways in which that case is totally unlike yours. And that IAD decision does not mean that is what other decision-makers in the immigration system will decide . . . even in quite similar circumstances, let alone very different situations. Moreover, there were some particularly salient factors in the Chan case which, first of all, likely triggered a stricter approach to the RO compliance calculation, and second, circumstances which nonetheless facilitated the positive H&C outcome allowing Chan to keep his PR status.

But it does illustrate that RO credit can be denied for a period of time prior to the date a divorce is finalized, a time period similar to what you describe.

And it illustrates that what happens in an individual case can (and, by the way, often does) vary considerably depending on various circumstances in the specific individual's case. The circumstances which can influence how it goes include the situation in which RO compliance is being calculated. You offer no hint what the situation is likely to be when Canadian immigration officials review and calculate your compliance with the RO, but how it goes can depend on what that situation is, which includes particular details such as the number of days actually spent in Canada. How it goes can also be influenced by whether it is a PR TD application? a Port-of-Entry examination? An application to renew a PR card?

Summary: there are multiple aspects of your situation which could trigger a tougher examination and approach to allowing RO credit for days outside Canada, pursuant to the exception allowed for PRs accompanying a Canadian citizen spouse. The divorce is just one. Never having settled in Canada another. There is no way to reliably forecast how Canadian immigration officials will approach a claim for the accompanying credit in your case, which in large part is because there are numerous undetermined factors that can and likely will influence how it goes, including which type of proceeding is involved.

Obviously, the sooner you make a move to Canada, to settle and stay, the better your odds of keeping PR status whether or not you get RO credit for the days prior to the divorce being finalized.

Think the other big issue is that Canada has started requiring couples in this situation who have lived abroad for an extended period of time to show that they will be relocating to Canada. What evidence was provided could also be referenced. There should be proof that the entire family had started to make plans to return to Canada 16 months earlier when the wife got PR. After a long career abroad you start looking for new jobs, looking at housing costs and houses for sale in your price range, etc. Having never lived in Canada up to this point and having children who have never lived in Canada it would be quite strange to apply for PR 15 years into marriage with children who have only lived abroad unless there was a reason. My only guess would be that this has to do with children wanting to attend post-secondary studies in Canada and the mother wanting to accompany them. If the father never intended to return to Canada and has a longterm career or is business owner abroad then that also could be problematic for the whole PR application.
 
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