It very much depends on context. If you were already a PR before the change in family situation, and didn't apply / sponsor anyone in the interim, you're not required to inform them at all (at least the scenarios I can think of).
I can't answer this question generically - there is no one single system in Canada for official names. (Apparently even within IRCC)
What I'm telling you that matters in this instance: if you were issued a passport in your correct name, and have any supporting ID in the same name, you will be...
I do not understand your posts. Try to keep your posts split into short, clear sentences.
Now, the important part: do you have a valid PR card and will the PR card still be valid when you travel to Canada?
If so: I understand your concern is that you will not be in compliance when you return...
I don't know the answer to your main question, but truth is they won't ask for new biometrics or police clearance once submitted (they can but don't that I'm aware of), and for medicals - they routinely extend for those in Canada and often for those abroad.* So at this stage, all we can say is...
I repeat: they do not care about your arrival elsewhere. You're only showing the dates you departed Canada/arrived in Canada and where you've travelled to - NOT your arrival date elsewhere.
If that's not clear, suggest you hire a lawyer.
Any day you were physically in Canada is the day you departed/left. They do not care where hyou were in between. In your case above: June 29 was in Canada. Other days - you weren't.
Children OVER 21 years of age / i.e. 22 or more as of date of application (so-called lock-in date) are not eligible.* So as I stated: children OVER 21 are not eligible, children who ARE 21 years of age remain eligible - until they are OVER 21 years of age.
*Applications returned due to...
You only need two pieces of evidence. Two NOAs would count. So would a paystub plus an NOA. Or one of those plus a copy of one of your leases. Don't overthink this.
Nonsense. That's simply not what the word 'need' means.
If someone was giving advice to "you could do this to be extra cautious even though it takes extra time and costs more money but conceivably IRCC might like it", one would so indicate.
Not to mention: I've simply never heard of a case -...