You don't become a tax resident in Canada unless you settle in Canada so if you land, stay for a short time and then leave again, you do not have to file.
If you settle in Canada and file your taxes on your income but then move to another country, you would have to file for that calendar year that you were living in Canada but after that, you can inform CRA that you have moved and ask to be considered a non-resident for tax purposes. There are however other factors in who is considered a tax resident. If you are still keeping a home in Canada where your family is living and you are supporting them, you may still be considered a tax resident even though you do not live in Canada anymore. This is decided on a case by case basis.
It is not a factor in applying for citizenship whether you are a tax resident or not but in order to qualify, you need to have lived in Canada for at least 1095 days in the previous 4 years before you apply and you need to be in Canada at the time you apply.
