You would need to look into an immigration program like Express Entry or PNP. Any temporary visa like a work permit or study permit or visitor visa will not be possible.
Staying that long without authorization is extremely detrimental moving forward with getting a visa not only with Canada but for other countries Canada has information sharing with in regards to immigration.
Countries will take into account you ignored following the rules for staying as a visitor. Four years is an extremely long time
PR is for permanent residence in Canada . As Scylla mentioned you want to research Express Entry - PNP programs , these fall
Into the PR category. Permanent Residence. Temporary visas wouldn’t be in the cards for you