Thanks for the replies I appreciate it.
In regards to the common law suggestion, I read that you need to be living with each other for 12 months. So regardless of how long you've been dating someone you have to actually have physically lived with them for 12 months in order to qualify? Also, are you allowed to stay while it's processing, if so, do you know how long it generally takes to be approved/denied, and if approved would it be possible to get some sort of work permit right away?
In theory I think I could apply for an extension on my visitor's visa and stay while that's processing and then once it was approved or denied go from there, but the problem is not having an income in the meantime, I have been using savings while being here and that will deplete eventually.
Thanks again for the help.
Yes - to qualify for common law - you must have lived together for a full 12 months (and be able to prove it). It doesn't matter how long you have been dating. Do not apply before you have 12 physical months of living together. That's a quick path to refusal.
How long it takes and if you can get a work permit depends on how you apply. However regardless of how you apply, you won't qualify for a work permit immediately.
If you apply inland, the official processing time is 18 months and you will qualify for a work permit at the 11-12 month point (after first stage processing has been completed). You can remain in Canada while the application is being processed.
If you apply outland (typically recommended for Americans because it's much much faster), you will be allowed to work only after the process is 100% complete and you have "landed" in Canada as a permanent resident. You can try to remain in Canada while the application is being processed - however it's your responsibility to keep your status valid by submitting visitor extension requests, etc.
If income is an issue and you can't find an employer in Canada - return to the US and apply outland once you have accumulated the 12 months of cohabitation.