You have it backwards. You must find an employer willing to offer you a job and obtain a labour market opinion (LMO) on your behalf before you can obtain a work permit and temporary work visa.
You do not need a temporary work visa in order to apply for permanent residence.
Having 4 years' experience as a skilled worker will help your application for permanent residence. Having 10 years' experience will look nice on your resume and help you get a job.
To know whether your partner can apply to immigrate, he should take the skilled worker assessment. Actually, either of you could take it and, if you qualified, could include your partner as your spouse in the application. If you're not planning to get married, you'll need to meet the definition of common-law partners.
Start reading about skilled workers and professionals, common-law partners, etc. here.
http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/immigrate/index.asp