Your search skills could use some practice ;)
http://www.canadavisa.com/canada-immigration-discussion-board/-t22144.0.htmlhttp://www.canadavisa.com/canada-immigration-discussion-board/-t20862.0.htmlhttp://www.canadavisa.com/canada-immigration-discussion-board/-t13552.0.htmlhttp://www.canadavisa.com/canada-immigration-discussion-board/-t21712.0.htmlhttp://www.canadavisa.com/canada-immigration-discussion-board/-t18340.0.htmlAnd brief answers to your questions...
What is, technically speaking, the difference between inland and outland application for sponsorship/immigration?
Inland is processed in Canada (Vegreville + a local CIC office), outland is processed outside (Mississauga + foreign visa office).
Also, you use different forms to apply.
What exactly differentiates an inland application from an outland one? The mailing address of the applicants?... Other?
- where it's processed
- inland you have no right of appeal
- for inland you have to be able to attend the landing interview in Canada and if you can't, for whatever reason, you lose the application and have to start over
- inland you can apply for an open work permit with the application
What determines if an application is sent for processing inside Canada or to the visa office in the country of the applicant(s)?
As said, there are two different sets of forms. Which one you use depends on you.