In Canada, kids start school at age 5, going to kindergarten, after that they take grades 1 through 12. By the time they graduate, they would be 17-18 years old. Then they can start college/university. The first degree you take in college/university is the bachelors degree. As far as I know, bachelors degree is the same as what you call baccalaureate. It is explained at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degreeAfter getting bachelors degree, you can continue in university and get a masters degree and after that continue to get ph.d. Does that explain it?
Immigration will give you more points for more school.