I can`t help but feel so sad about your predicament. Philippines and the Vatican City are the only countries in the world that doesn`t allow divorce. Since you are a filipino citizen the only route in my opinion is to get an annulment so you can get married legally. Instead of having applied for TRV(denied twice) and travelled abroad you could have spent that money in starting your Annulment. But that`s behind you now.
As mentioned by one of the contributors here that you need your husband to agree when you apply for Annulment that is not the case because that is colussion and is not allowed in Philippine Law. As quoted here:
In Philippine laws, collusion is an agreement between husband and wife to have their marriage annulled or nullified. They would decide and agree on various concerns relating to the case to have favorable judgment.
It is forbidden by law because marriage or its dissolution cannot be a subject of agreement between the parties.
Art. 48 of the Family Code, states,
In all cases of annulment or declaration of absolute nullity of marriage, the Court shall order the prosecuting attorney or fiscal assigned to it to appear on behalf of the State to take steps to prevent collusion between the parties and to take care that evidence is not fabricated or suppressed.
Annulment is expensive (150,000 to 250,000 pesos), emotionally draining and takes a long time (8 months to 2years) but it`s all worth it if you want to be with someone you love.
Your other option is for you to live together with your partner continuously for a year but i think that is impossible in your situation since he is working in Canada or apply for a working visa. But you know what is best for you in the end it is your decision.